The Argus II epiretinal prosthesis system allows letter and word reading and long-term function in patients with profound vision loss
Identifieur interne : 004891 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004890; suivant : 004892The Argus II epiretinal prosthesis system allows letter and word reading and long-term function in patients with profound vision loss
Auteurs : Lyndon Da Cruz [Royaume-Uni] ; Brian F. Coley [Suisse] ; Jessy Dorn [États-Unis] ; Francesco Merlini [Suisse] ; Eugene Filley [États-Unis] ; Punita Christopher [États-Unis] ; Fred K. Chen [Royaume-Uni, Australie] ; Varalakshmi Wuyyuru [États-Unis] ; Jose Sahel [France] ; Paulo Stanga [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark Humayun [États-Unis] ; Robert J. Greenberg [États-Unis] ; Gislin Dagnelie [États-Unis]Source :
- British Journal of Ophthalmology [ 0007-1161 ] ; 2013-05.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : étude de faisabilité.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Argus, Average time, Black background, Blind subjects, Clinical science, Correct answers, Correct letter, Correct letters, Daily life, Electrical stimulation, Electrode, Eyes unpatched, Feasibility study, Head scanning, Implant, Implantation, Letter height, Letter size, Letter size reduction, Light detection, Light perception, Nancial interest, Ophthalmol, Profound vision loss, Prosthesis, Random order, Rank test, Research centre, Residual light perception, Retina, Retinal, Retinal detachment, Retinal prosthesis, Retinal prosthesis system, Retinal stimulation, Retinal tack, Retinitis pigmentosa, Second sight, Small sample size, Spatial information, Spatial resolution, Standard mode, Statistical analysis, Study group, Subretinal implant, Substantial contributions, Time limit, Total number, Unit steps, Unpatched, Video processing unit, Visual performance, Western australia, Word reading, Word recognition.
- Teeft :
- Argus, Average time, Black background, Blind subjects, Clinical science, Correct answers, Correct letter, Correct letters, Daily life, Electrical stimulation, Electrode, Eyes unpatched, Feasibility study, Head scanning, Implant, Implantation, Letter height, Letter size, Letter size reduction, Light detection, Light perception, Nancial interest, Ophthalmol, Profound vision loss, Prosthesis, Random order, Rank test, Research centre, Residual light perception, Retina, Retinal, Retinal detachment, Retinal prosthesis, Retinal prosthesis system, Retinal stimulation, Retinal tack, Retinitis pigmentosa, Second sight, Small sample size, Spatial information, Spatial resolution, Standard mode, Statistical analysis, Study group, Subretinal implant, Substantial contributions, Time limit, Total number, Unit steps, Unpatched, Video processing unit, Visual performance, Western australia, Word reading, Word recognition.
Abstract
Background Retinal prosthesis systems (RPS) are a novel treatment for profound vision loss in outer retinal dystrophies. Ideal prostheses would offer stable, long-term retinal stimulation and reproducible spatial resolution in a portable form appropriate for daily life. Methods We report a prospective, internally controlled, multicentre trial of the Argus II system. Twenty-eight subjects with light perception vision received a retinal implant. Controlled, closed-group, forced-choice letter identification, and, open-choice two-, three- and four-letter word identification tests were carried out. Results The mean±SD percentage correct letter identification for 21 subjects tested were: letters L, T, E, J, F, H, I, U, 72.3±24.6% system on and 17.7±12.9% system off; letters A, Z, Q, V, N, W, O, C, D, M, 55.0±27.4% system on and 11.8%±10.7% system off, and letters K, R, G, X, B, Y, S, P, 51.7±28.9% system on and 15.3±7.4% system off. (p<0.001 for all groups). A subgroup of six subjects was able to consistently read letters of reduced size, the smallest measuring 0.9 cm (1.7°) at 30 cm, and four subjects correctly identify unrehearsed two-, three- and four-letter words. Average implant duration was 19.9 months. Conclusions Multiple blind subjects fitted with the Argus II system consistently identified letters and words using the device, indicating reproducible spatial resolution. This, in combination with stable, long-term function, represents significant progress in the evolution of artificial sight.
Url:
- https://api.istex.fr/document/EA5FEE13DB9F12503B113BEBB78F7719459C7775/fulltext/pdf
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3632967
DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-301525
Affiliations:
- Australie, France, Royaume-Uni, Suisse, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Australie-Occidentale, Californie, Canton de Vaud, Grand Londres, Grand Manchester, Maryland, Texas, Île-de-France
- Dallas, Lausanne, Londres, Manchester, Paris
- Université de Manchester
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Istex, to step Corpus: 002C11
- to stream Istex, to step Curation: 002C11
- to stream Istex, to step Checkpoint: 000201
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 002346
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 002196
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 001855
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 001142
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 001142
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 001142
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 004A15
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 004891
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title>The Argus II epiretinal prosthesis system allows letter and word reading and long-term function in patients with profound vision loss</title><author><name sortKey="Da Cruz, Lyndon" sort="Da Cruz, Lyndon" uniqKey="Da Cruz L" first="Lyndon" last="Da Cruz">Lyndon Da Cruz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coley, Brian F" sort="Coley, Brian F" uniqKey="Coley B" first="Brian F" last="Coley">Brian F. Coley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorn, Jessy" sort="Dorn, Jessy" uniqKey="Dorn J" first="Jessy" last="Dorn">Jessy Dorn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Merlini, Francesco" sort="Merlini, Francesco" uniqKey="Merlini F" first="Francesco" last="Merlini">Francesco Merlini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Filley, Eugene" sort="Filley, Eugene" uniqKey="Filley E" first="Eugene" last="Filley">Eugene Filley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Christopher, Punita" sort="Christopher, Punita" uniqKey="Christopher P" first="Punita" last="Christopher">Punita Christopher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Fred K" sort="Chen, Fred K" uniqKey="Chen F" first="Fred K" last="Chen">Fred K. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wuyyuru, Varalakshmi" sort="Wuyyuru, Varalakshmi" uniqKey="Wuyyuru V" first="Varalakshmi" last="Wuyyuru">Varalakshmi Wuyyuru</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sahel, Jose" sort="Sahel, Jose" uniqKey="Sahel J" first="Jose" last="Sahel">Jose Sahel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stanga, Paulo" sort="Stanga, Paulo" uniqKey="Stanga P" first="Paulo" last="Stanga">Paulo Stanga</name></author><author><name sortKey="Humayun, Mark" sort="Humayun, Mark" uniqKey="Humayun M" first="Mark" last="Humayun">Mark Humayun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greenberg, Robert J" sort="Greenberg, Robert J" uniqKey="Greenberg R" first="Robert J" last="Greenberg">Robert J. Greenberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dagnelie, Gislin" sort="Dagnelie, Gislin" uniqKey="Dagnelie G" first="Gislin" last="Dagnelie">Gislin Dagnelie</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:EA5FEE13DB9F12503B113BEBB78F7719459C7775</idno><date when="2013" year="2013">2013</date><idno type="doi">10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-301525</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/EA5FEE13DB9F12503B113BEBB78F7719459C7775/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">002C11</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">002C11</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">002C11</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Checkpoint">000201</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000201</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0007-1161:2013:Da Cruz L:the:argus:ii</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3632967</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3632967</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002346</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002346</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002196</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002196</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001855</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001855</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">001142</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">001142</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">001142</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0007-1161:2013:Da Cruz L:the:argus:ii</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">004A15</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">004891</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">004891</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">The Argus II epiretinal prosthesis system allows letter and word reading and long-term function in patients with profound vision loss</title><author><name sortKey="Da Cruz, Lyndon" sort="Da Cruz, Lyndon" uniqKey="Da Cruz L" first="Lyndon" last="Da Cruz">Lyndon Da Cruz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coley, Brian F" sort="Coley, Brian F" uniqKey="Coley B" first="Brian F" last="Coley">Brian F. Coley</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Second Sight Medical Products, Inc, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dorn, Jessy" sort="Dorn, Jessy" uniqKey="Dorn J" first="Jessy" last="Dorn">Jessy Dorn</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Second Sight Medical Products, Inc, Sylmar, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Merlini, Francesco" sort="Merlini, Francesco" uniqKey="Merlini F" first="Francesco" last="Merlini">Francesco Merlini</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Second Sight Medical Products, Inc, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Filley, Eugene" sort="Filley, Eugene" uniqKey="Filley E" first="Eugene" last="Filley">Eugene Filley</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Dallas</settlement><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Christopher, Punita" sort="Christopher, Punita" uniqKey="Christopher P" first="Punita" last="Christopher">Punita Christopher</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Second Sight Medical Products, Inc, Sylmar, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Fred K" sort="Chen, Fred K" uniqKey="Chen F" first="Fred K" last="Chen">Fred K. Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country>Australie</country><placeName><region type="state">Australie-Occidentale</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wuyyuru, Varalakshmi" sort="Wuyyuru, Varalakshmi" uniqKey="Wuyyuru V" first="Varalakshmi" last="Wuyyuru">Varalakshmi Wuyyuru</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Second Sight Medical Products, Inc, Sylmar, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sahel, Jose" sort="Sahel, Jose" uniqKey="Sahel J" first="Jose" last="Sahel">Jose Sahel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stanga, Paulo" sort="Stanga, Paulo" uniqKey="Stanga P" first="Paulo" last="Stanga">Paulo Stanga</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Manchester</region><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Manchester</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Humayun, Mark" sort="Humayun, Mark" uniqKey="Humayun M" first="Mark" last="Humayun">Mark Humayun</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Second Sight Medical Products, Inc, Sylmar, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Greenberg, Robert J" sort="Greenberg, Robert J" uniqKey="Greenberg R" first="Robert J" last="Greenberg">Robert J. Greenberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Second Sight Medical Products, Inc, Sylmar, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dagnelie, Gislin" sort="Dagnelie, Gislin" uniqKey="Dagnelie G" first="Gislin" last="Dagnelie">Gislin Dagnelie</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Johns Hopkins Hospital, Lions Vision Center, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">British Journal of Ophthalmology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Br J Ophthalmol</title><idno type="ISSN">0007-1161</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-2079</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2013-05">2013-05</date><biblScope unit="volume">97</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="632">632</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0007-1161</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0007-1161</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Argus</term><term>Average time</term><term>Black background</term><term>Blind subjects</term><term>Clinical science</term><term>Correct answers</term><term>Correct letter</term><term>Correct letters</term><term>Daily life</term><term>Electrical stimulation</term><term>Electrode</term><term>Eyes unpatched</term><term>Feasibility study</term><term>Head scanning</term><term>Implant</term><term>Implantation</term><term>Letter height</term><term>Letter size</term><term>Letter size reduction</term><term>Light detection</term><term>Light perception</term><term>Nancial interest</term><term>Ophthalmol</term><term>Profound vision loss</term><term>Prosthesis</term><term>Random order</term><term>Rank test</term><term>Research centre</term><term>Residual light perception</term><term>Retina</term><term>Retinal</term><term>Retinal detachment</term><term>Retinal prosthesis</term><term>Retinal prosthesis system</term><term>Retinal stimulation</term><term>Retinal tack</term><term>Retinitis pigmentosa</term><term>Second sight</term><term>Small sample size</term><term>Spatial information</term><term>Spatial resolution</term><term>Standard mode</term><term>Statistical analysis</term><term>Study group</term><term>Subretinal implant</term><term>Substantial contributions</term><term>Time limit</term><term>Total number</term><term>Unit steps</term><term>Unpatched</term><term>Video processing unit</term><term>Visual performance</term><term>Western australia</term><term>Word reading</term><term>Word recognition</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Argus</term><term>Average time</term><term>Black background</term><term>Blind subjects</term><term>Clinical science</term><term>Correct answers</term><term>Correct letter</term><term>Correct letters</term><term>Daily life</term><term>Electrical stimulation</term><term>Electrode</term><term>Eyes unpatched</term><term>Feasibility study</term><term>Head scanning</term><term>Implant</term><term>Implantation</term><term>Letter height</term><term>Letter size</term><term>Letter size reduction</term><term>Light detection</term><term>Light perception</term><term>Nancial interest</term><term>Ophthalmol</term><term>Profound vision loss</term><term>Prosthesis</term><term>Random order</term><term>Rank test</term><term>Research centre</term><term>Residual light perception</term><term>Retina</term><term>Retinal</term><term>Retinal detachment</term><term>Retinal prosthesis</term><term>Retinal prosthesis system</term><term>Retinal stimulation</term><term>Retinal tack</term><term>Retinitis pigmentosa</term><term>Second sight</term><term>Small sample size</term><term>Spatial information</term><term>Spatial resolution</term><term>Standard mode</term><term>Statistical analysis</term><term>Study group</term><term>Subretinal implant</term><term>Substantial contributions</term><term>Time limit</term><term>Total number</term><term>Unit steps</term><term>Unpatched</term><term>Video processing unit</term><term>Visual performance</term><term>Western australia</term><term>Word reading</term><term>Word recognition</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>étude de faisabilité</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Background Retinal prosthesis systems (RPS) are a novel treatment for profound vision loss in outer retinal dystrophies. Ideal prostheses would offer stable, long-term retinal stimulation and reproducible spatial resolution in a portable form appropriate for daily life. Methods We report a prospective, internally controlled, multicentre trial of the Argus II system. Twenty-eight subjects with light perception vision received a retinal implant. Controlled, closed-group, forced-choice letter identification, and, open-choice two-, three- and four-letter word identification tests were carried out. Results The mean±SD percentage correct letter identification for 21 subjects tested were: letters L, T, E, J, F, H, I, U, 72.3±24.6% system on and 17.7±12.9% system off; letters A, Z, Q, V, N, W, O, C, D, M, 55.0±27.4% system on and 11.8%±10.7% system off, and letters K, R, G, X, B, Y, S, P, 51.7±28.9% system on and 15.3±7.4% system off. (p<0.001 for all groups). A subgroup of six subjects was able to consistently read letters of reduced size, the smallest measuring 0.9 cm (1.7°) at 30 cm, and four subjects correctly identify unrehearsed two-, three- and four-letter words. Average implant duration was 19.9 months. Conclusions Multiple blind subjects fitted with the Argus II system consistently identified letters and words using the device, indicating reproducible spatial resolution. This, in combination with stable, long-term function, represents significant progress in the evolution of artificial sight.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suisse</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Australie-Occidentale</li><li>Californie</li><li>Canton de Vaud</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Grand Manchester</li><li>Maryland</li><li>Texas</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Dallas</li><li>Lausanne</li><li>Londres</li><li>Manchester</li><li>Paris</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Manchester</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Da Cruz, Lyndon" sort="Da Cruz, Lyndon" uniqKey="Da Cruz L" first="Lyndon" last="Da Cruz">Lyndon Da Cruz</name></region><name sortKey="Chen, Fred K" sort="Chen, Fred K" uniqKey="Chen F" first="Fred K" last="Chen">Fred K. Chen</name><name sortKey="Stanga, Paulo" sort="Stanga, Paulo" uniqKey="Stanga P" first="Paulo" last="Stanga">Paulo Stanga</name></country><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Vaud"><name sortKey="Coley, Brian F" sort="Coley, Brian F" uniqKey="Coley B" first="Brian F" last="Coley">Brian F. Coley</name></region><name sortKey="Merlini, Francesco" sort="Merlini, Francesco" uniqKey="Merlini F" first="Francesco" last="Merlini">Francesco Merlini</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Dorn, Jessy" sort="Dorn, Jessy" uniqKey="Dorn J" first="Jessy" last="Dorn">Jessy Dorn</name></region><name sortKey="Christopher, Punita" sort="Christopher, Punita" uniqKey="Christopher P" first="Punita" last="Christopher">Punita Christopher</name><name sortKey="Dagnelie, Gislin" sort="Dagnelie, Gislin" uniqKey="Dagnelie G" first="Gislin" last="Dagnelie">Gislin Dagnelie</name><name sortKey="Filley, Eugene" sort="Filley, Eugene" uniqKey="Filley E" first="Eugene" last="Filley">Eugene Filley</name><name sortKey="Greenberg, Robert J" sort="Greenberg, Robert J" uniqKey="Greenberg R" first="Robert J" last="Greenberg">Robert J. Greenberg</name><name sortKey="Humayun, Mark" sort="Humayun, Mark" uniqKey="Humayun M" first="Mark" last="Humayun">Mark Humayun</name><name sortKey="Humayun, Mark" sort="Humayun, Mark" uniqKey="Humayun M" first="Mark" last="Humayun">Mark Humayun</name><name sortKey="Wuyyuru, Varalakshmi" sort="Wuyyuru, Varalakshmi" uniqKey="Wuyyuru V" first="Varalakshmi" last="Wuyyuru">Varalakshmi Wuyyuru</name></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Australie-Occidentale"><name sortKey="Chen, Fred K" sort="Chen, Fred K" uniqKey="Chen F" first="Fred K" last="Chen">Fred K. Chen</name></region></country><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Sahel, Jose" sort="Sahel, Jose" uniqKey="Sahel J" first="Jose" last="Sahel">Jose Sahel</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 004891 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 004891 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Asie
|area= AustralieFrV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:EA5FEE13DB9F12503B113BEBB78F7719459C7775
|texte= The Argus II epiretinal prosthesis system allows letter and word reading and long-term function in patients with profound vision loss
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |